JPG files are some of the most common file formats used in digital spaces. In fact, they've been in use (though they've evolved in quality) since the early 1980s.
However, there's a newer file format that Apple users may be familiar with. It's called the HEIC format and is used on almost all Apple products, including iPhones.
What is the difference between these two file formats? Is either one of them incompatible with certain technologies?
Read on to learn more about the difference between the JPG and HEIC file formats, where they can be used, and how to convert HEIC files to JPG when necessary.
What Is a JPG File?
A JPG file is a form of compressed imagery that was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group--thus the other common name for a JPG: JPEG.
JPG file formatting is used to store almost all images captured by digital cameras. That includes the images captured by phones or tablets that are equipped with a camera--with the exception of technology developed by Apple.
What Is an HEIC File?
HEIC stands for High-Efficiency Image Container. Although Apple didn't create it, they did popularize it. It was first used in iOS 11 and macOS High Sierra and has been used in all Apple operating systems since.
For most casual photographers, the differences between a JPG and HEIC file are undetectable. In the end, the images will look fairly comparable regardless of which file format you are using. That being said, there are distinct differences between the two, and it's clear why Apple has adopted the HEIC file format as its standard.
What Are the Key Differences Between JPG and HEIC File Formats?
As we mentioned earlier, the differences in appearance between a JPG and HEIC are subtle. However, HEIC is often considered the superior file formatting. Let's take a look at why this is the case.
File Size
Apple routinely prioritizes storage in the development of their phones, tablets, and computers. It is for this reason, above all, that HEIC file formatting became the clear winner for Apple.
JPG files are compressed, but HEIC files achieve even more compression without sacrificing quality. In fact, HEIC files are estimated to be about 40-50% more compressed than JPG files.
What that means for iPhone and iPad users is that they can store almost twice as many photos in the same amount of storage space as an Android user.
Quality
You may assume that because HEIC files are more compressed than JPG files, JPG files would be higher in quality. This is not the case. In fact, HEIC files tend to store more detail than JPG files, leaving you with a clearer image that can capture even the smallest of details.
Number of Images Per File
Have you ever noticed that when you take a photo with a newer iPhone, you get what is called a "Live Photo?" When you hold your finger over a Live Photo, you'll get about one second of what appears to be video footage. You can even edit the Live Photo so that the still is slightly different than what the phone originally captured.
This is because when you're shooting in HEIC, you are able to capture multiple images in one file. This allows you to create live photos, animation sequences, and photo bursts.
Devices that use JPG file formatting cannot compare. While some devices allow you to take "bursts," you'll find that what you've done is taken multiple photos in a small amount of time. Each of these photos has to be saved as a separate file, which takes up more space.
Color
Some HEIC files are able to capture 16-bit color. Compared to JPG's 8-bit color, your HEIC files may look more vibrant and true to the colors you were capturing when taking the photo. Admittedly, iPhone cameras are currently limited to 10-bit color, but this is still a wider spectrum than devices that use JPG file formatting--and there's always room for improvement in the future.
Is the HEIC File Format Compatible With All Devices?
You're probably wondering, "If HEIC is so clearly superior, why isn't everyone using it? What's the catch?"
For the most part, HEIC files are compatible with other devices. JPG files, on the other hand, are practically universally compatible. In this regard, JPG file formatting has HEIC file formatting beat.
That being said, Apple accounts for this possible lack of compatibility. For example, if you're sending a photo from your iPhone to a non-iOS device, your iPhone will convert the file for you. (You'll notice that when you send your Live Photos to Android users, you lose that "Live" feature--this is because your photo was converted to JPG in order for the Android viewer to view it.)
How to Convert Your HEIC File to a JPG
In some cases, you may not be able to count on Apple's auto-conversion. If this is the case, don't sweat it. There are ways to manually convert your HEIC file to a JPG so that you can share it on platforms that aren't HEIC-compatible.
Head here for the step-by-step process.
Understand Your File Formatting and Make Your Photos Visible to All
For most casual photographers, the difference between HEIC and JPG file formatting isn't consequential. However, understanding the difference can make sharing your photos easier. It can also help you decide between purchasing an Apple device or a non-IOS device, especially if photography is important to you!
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